Querying

Building a query is just method chaining on the model. Nothing runs until you call a terminator (get, first, count, paginate).

Post::where('is_published', true)
    ->where('user_id', auth()->id())
    ->orderByDesc('created_at')
    ->paginate(20);

Eager loading (fix N+1)

Without eager loading, this is N+1:

foreach (Post::all() as $post) {
    echo $post->author->name; // ← one query per row
}

With with():

Post::with('author')->get();

One join, one render, no extra queries.

Chunking for big tables

::all() materialises every row. For 100k+ rows use chunkById:

Post::chunkById(500, function ($posts) {
    foreach ($posts as $post) processOne($post);
});

It paginates internally by primary key — safer than offset/limit because deletes during the iteration don't skip rows.